Know not thy enemy nor yourself, wallow in defeat every time. Know yourself but not your enemy, find level of loss and victory. Know your enemy and know yourself, find naught in fear for 100 battles.If you know others and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles if you do not know others but know yourself, you win one and lose one if you do not know others and do not know yourself, you will be imperiled in every single battle.It is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles if you do not know your enemies but do know yourself, you will win one and lose one if you do not know your enemies nor yourself, you will be imperiled in every single battle.What is of supreme importance in war is to attack the enemy's strategy.There is no instance of a nation benefiting from prolonged warfare.Where the army is, prices are high when prices rise the wealth of the people is exhausted.What is essential in war is victory, not prolonged operations.If your opponent is of choleric temperament, seek to irritate him.The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat: - let such a one be dismissed!.The general who loses makes but few calculations beforehand. The general who wins the battle makes many calculations in his temple before the battle is fought.Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. The art of war is of vital importance to the State.Pretend inferiority and encourage his arrogance.Note: "If his forces are united, separate them" is also interpreted: "If sovereign and subject are in accord, put division between them.".Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant. If your opponent is temperamental, seek to irritate him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. If your enemy is secure at all points, be prepared for him.Though effective, appear to be ineffective. Even though you are competent, appear to be incompetent. A military operation involves deception.Hence, when we are able to attack, we must seem unable when using our forces, we must appear inactive when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away when far away, we must make him believe we are near. Secret operations are essential in war upon them the army relies to make its every move. Now the reason the enlightened prince and the wise general conquer the enemy whenever they move and their achievements surpass those of ordinary men is foreknowledge. All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. The Art of War To subdue the enemy without fighting is the acme of skill.
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